'Beijing is navigating an unfamiliar and uncomfortable role - as the world's largest official debt collector,' AidData said in its report. The report, published on Monday by researchers at AidData, showed the world's biggest bilateral lender switching from infrastructure to rescue lending, with an estimated 80% of the loans supporting countries in financial distress. China is owed over $1 trillion (€935 billion) through its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), making it the world's biggest debt collector, a report has said.